@article {1001686,
	title = {Analysis of five chronic inflammatory diseases identifies 27 new associations and highlights disease-specific patterns at shared loci},
	journal = {Nat Genet},
	volume = {48},
	number = {5},
	year = {2016},
	month = {2016 May},
	pages = {510-8},
	abstract = {We simultaneously investigated the genetic landscape of ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn{\textquoteright}s disease, psoriasis, primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis to investigate pleiotropy and the relationship between these clinically related diseases. Using high-density genotype data from more than 86,000 individuals of European ancestry, we identified 244 independent multidisease signals, including 27 new genome-wide significant susceptibility loci and 3 unreported shared risk loci. Complex pleiotropy was supported when contrasting multidisease signals with expression data sets from human, rat and mouse together with epigenetic and expressed enhancer profiles. The comorbidities among the five immune diseases were best explained by biological pleiotropy rather than heterogeneity (a subgroup of cases genetically identical to those with another disease, possibly owing to diagnostic misclassification, molecular subtypes or excessive comorbidity). In particular, the strong comorbidity between primary sclerosing cholangitis and inflammatory bowel disease is likely the result of a unique disease, which is genetically distinct from classical inflammatory bowel disease phenotypes.},
	keywords = {Bayes Theorem, Cholangitis, Sclerosing, Chronic Disease, Colitis, Ulcerative, Comorbidity, Crohn Disease, Genetic Heterogeneity, Genetic Pleiotropy, Genetic Variation, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genotype, Humans, Inflammation, Psoriasis, Quantitative Trait Loci, Spondylitis, Ankylosing},
	issn = {1546-1718},
	doi = {10.1038/ng.3528},
	url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Analysis+of+five+chronic+inflammatory+diseases+identifies+27+new+associations+and+highlights+disease-specific+patterns+at+shared+loci},
	author = {Ellinghaus, David and Jostins, Luke and Spain, Sarah L and Cortes, Adrian and Bethune, J{\"o}rn and Han, Buhm and Park, Yu Rang and Raychaudhuri, Soumya and Pouget, Jennie G and H{\"u}benthal, Matthias and Folseraas, Trine and Wang, Yunpeng and Esko, Tonu and Metspalu, Andres and Westra, Harm-Jan and Franke, Lude and Pers, Tune H and Weersma, Rinse K and Collij, Valerie and D{\textquoteright}Amato, Mauro and Halfvarson, Jonas and Jensen, Anders Boeck and Lieb, Wolfgang and Degenhardt, Franziska and Forstner, Andreas J and Hofmann, Andrea and International IBD Genetics Consortium (IIBDGC) and International Genetics of Ankylosing Spondylitis Consortium (IGAS) and International PSC Study Group (IPSCSG) and Genetic Analysis of Psoriasis Consortium (GAPC) and Psoriasis Association Genetics Extension (PAGE) and Schreiber, Stefan and Mrowietz, Ulrich and Juran, Brian D and Lazaridis, Konstantinos N and Brunak, S{\o}ren and Dale, Anders M and Trembath, Richard C and Weidinger, Stephan and Weichenthal, Michael and Ellinghaus, Eva and Elder, James T and Barker, Jonathan N W N and Andreassen, Ole A and McGovern, Dermot P and Karlsen, Tom H and Barrett, Jeffrey C and Parkes, Miles and Brown, Matthew A and Franke, Andre}
}
